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[Problem] To provide a method able to easily produce a lamellar compressed fiber structural material having the characteristic of easily causing an increase in osteoblasts and mechanical characteristics close to in vivo bone, even if there is a difference in strength at the site that is the subject of therapy. [Solution] The problem is resolved by means of a method that is for producing a compressed fiber structural material (1) and that has: a step for preparing a biocompatible fiber (14) having an average diameter of 5-50 mum and an aspect ratio of 20-500
and a step for cold pressing/shear processing the biocompatible fiber (14) to form the compressed fiber structural material (1), which has an average pore diameter obtained by means of mercury penetration measurement of 60-100 mum inclusive and a void fraction in the range of 25-50% inclusive. Furthermore, the cold pressing/shear processing preferably is performed controlling the pressing pressure in the range of 200-2000 MPa, the shear stroke length in the range of 0.2-5 mm, and the shear velocity in the range of 0.5-5 mm/minute.
